Role of dexamethasone/captopril co-loaded immunoliposome-nanoparticle hybrids on the regulation of macrophage polarization in mice with glomerulonephritis / 药学学报

In this study, dexamethasone (DXMS) and captopril (CAP) were co-loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles with a surface coating of a phospholipid bilayer, and then the core-shell nanoparticles were modified with polyethylene glycol and integrin α8 antibody to obtain immunoliposome-nanoparticle hybrids (DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs). The role of nanoparticles on the renal targeting, anti-inflammatory effects, and macrophage differentiation were investigated. The results showed that the particle size of the nanoparticles was 115.9 ± 2.89 nm, and the core-shell structure could be observed under an electron microscope. The drug loading capacity of DXMS and CAP was 5.72% ± 0.37% and 7.51% ± 0.07%, respectively. The results of in vitro experiments showed that DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs could reduce the secretion of specific cytokines and the mRNA expression of markers in M2-type macrophages, thus promoting the differentiation of M2-type macrophages in the direction of unpolarized macrophages. In vivo experiments in mice showed that DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs had a significant renal targeting effect, which could restore the renal index, serum creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in mice. Moreover, DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs could reduce both the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression levels of M1 and M2 macrophage markers in the kidney. All the animal experiments were in accordance with the regulations of Animal Ethics Committee of Sichuan Agricultural University. In conclusion, renal-targeting DXMS/CAP@PLGA-ILs could effectively regulate the polarization of macrophages and had an "anti-inflammatory/anti-fibrosis" therapeutic effect, providing a new strategy and basis for the targeted therapy of glomerulonephritis.

Coronal curvature of tibial leads to malalignment of tibial prosthesis after total knee arthroplasty / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of tibial coronal curvature on the alignment of tibial prosthesis in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).@*METHODS@#From July 2019 to April 2021, 100 patients with knee osteoarthritis were treated with total knee arthroplasty. Before operation, the full-length films of lower limbs were taken and the tibial bowing angle(TBA) was measured. TBA more than 2° was tibial bending, which was divided into tibial bending group and non bending group. There were 40 cases in tibial bending group, 9 males and 31 females, aged 56 to 84 years old with an average of (69.22±7.10) years. There were 60 cases in the non bending group, 19 males and 41 females, aged from 51 to 87 years old with an average of (70.80±7.21) years. The preoperative tibial length (TL) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were measured and compared between the two groups. The full-length X-rays of the lower limbs were taken again 3 days to 1 week after operation. The medial angle of the tibial component coronal aligement angle (TCCA) and the outilier rate of force line of the tibial prosthesis were measured and compared between the two groups. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between TCCA and age, TCCA and height, TCCA and weight, TCCA and BMI, TCCA and TBA, TCCA and TL, TCCA and MPTA; Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between TCCA and gender, TCCA and Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L) grade.@*RESULTS@#All 100 patients successfully completed the operation and obtained satisfactory full-length X-rays in standing position. There was no significant difference in TL, MPTA and TCCA between bending group and non bending group(P>0.05). The outilier rate of force line in tibial bending group was 22.5%, and that in non bending group was 6.67%, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The correlation study found that TCCA was strongly correlated with TBA(r=-0.702, P<0.01), weakly correlated with MPTA(r=0.311, P<0.01), and had no correlation with other parameters(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty, tibial bending will lead to poor force line of tibial prosthesis. During operation, attention should be paid to osteotomy of proximal tibial vertical tibial mechanical axis and correct installation of prosthesis to avoid poor alignment of prosthesis.

Analysis on application of Chinese materia medica in treatment of COVID-19 by suppressing cytokine storm / 中草药

At the end of December, 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak was found in China. COVID-19 spreads all over 268 countries, and more than 70 000 people got infected till February 23th, 2020. COVID-19 can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure due to its strong infectivity and extensive spread. These severe complications are believed to be the consequence of cytokine storm caused by the virus infection. In the “Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia”, glucocorticoid is recommended as the immunosuppressive agents to prevent acute immune reaction in critical patients. However, the usage of glucocorticoid may bring severe residual effects such as superinfection risks, prolonged course of disease. Traditional Chinese medicine might have advantages in the moderation of immune system. Actually, TCM is now applied in the treatment of COVID-19 clinically, and exhibits excellent therapeutic effects. In this review, the potential usage of TCM or traditional prescriptions in inhibiting cytokine storm and treating in acute lung injury were analyzed, which would be an effective strategy for the treatment of COVID-19.

Chinese Herbal Medicine Xingnaojing Injection () for Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Newborns: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine Xingnaojing Injection () for newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Literatures were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central, and four Chinese literature databases from the establishment of database to October in 2013. Relevant reference lists were also screened. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of included studies. We also conducted the meta-analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen trials involving 1,169 patients were included. There was no trial reported death or disability at the end of follow-up period. Meta-analysis of 4 trials (n=371) showed that there was no significant difference in the reduction of mortality [risk ratios (RR)=0.48, 95% confidence intervals (CI, 0.21, 1.13), P=0.09] between the Xingnaojing and control groups. Meta-analysis of 5 trials (n=359) showed that there was significant difference in reducing the major neurodevelopmental disability [RR=0.36, 95% CI (0.19, 0.66), P=0.001]. Meta-analysis of 6 trials (n=447) showed that there was significant difference in the author self-defined symptom improvement [RR=1.25, 95% CI (1.14, 1.37), P<0.01]. No fatal side-effects were reported.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Based on the limited evidence, the routine use of Xingnaojing Injection for treatment of HIE in newborns is not recommended. Further well-conducted trials are justified.</p>

Preparation and characterization of curumin solid dispersion using mesoporous silica nanoparticle / 中草药

Objective: Taking mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) as carrier, to prepare curcumin (Cur)-MSN-solid dispersion (SD) for study on its effect on the dissolution rate and solubility of Cur. Methods: MSN was prepared by condensation method and Cur-MSN-SD was obtained using solvent evaporation method. Then, Cur-MSN-SD was characterized with scanning electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption test, infrared spectrum analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Then the dissolution rate and solubility between Cur and Cur-MSN-SD were compared. Results: The average pore diameter of prepared MSN was 2.737 nm, with the feature of typical mesoporous structure, and Cur was distributed in the channel. The cumulative dissolution rate and solubility of the drug were the best as the mass ratio of Cur to MSN was 1∶4. Conclusion: The Cur-MSN-SD prepared with the MSN as carrier could improve the cumulative dissolution rate and solubility of Cur, which provides an effective method for solving the water non-solubility of Cur.

Preparation and anti-cancer activity in vitro of curcumin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle / 中国中药杂志

This paper is to prepare curcumin (Cur) loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle (Cur-MSN), evaluate its release behavior and anti-cancer activity in vitro. Mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) was prepared by polymerization method and Cur-MSN was obtained using solvent evaporation method and impregnation centrifugation method. The preparation method was optimized using entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading efficiency (LE) as indexes. Cur-MSN was characterized with scanning electron microscope and its particle size and zeta potential were determined. Finally, in vitro release behavior in 0.2% SDS solution and its cell-killing effect on HeLa cells were also evaluated. The Cur-MSN prepared with process optimization method was round and uniform and exhibited typical mesoporous characterization. The mean particle size and Zeta potential of Cur-MSN were 75.8 nm and -30.1 mV, respectively. EE and LE of three batches of Cur-MSN were (72.55 ± 2.01)% and (16.21 ± 1.12)%, respectively. In vitro release behavior of Cur-MSN showed a sustained release profile with 83.5% cumulative release within 96 h. The killing effect of Cur-MSN on HeLa cells was dose-dependent with IC50 of 19.40 mg x L(-1), which was similar to that of Cur.

Study on preparation process and formulation optimization of herpetin liposomes / 中国中药杂志

Herpetin (HPT) is an active monomer constituent isolated from lignanoid in seeds of Herpetospermum caudigerum. HPT shows inhibitory effects in hepatic injury and HBV-DNA and the replication. In the study, we successfully prepare herpetin liposomes by film dispersion method for the first time. The prescription process was optimized, with the entrapment efficiency as the index. According to the optimized prescription, the mass ratio of HPT: phospholipids: cholesterol was 2.44:78.05: 19.51, the hydration and de-molding process was performed with 0.5% F68 solution at 50 degrees C, and the water-bath ultrasonic time was 20 min. The HPT liposomes prepared by this method showed an average entrapment efficiency of (94.50 +/- 2.15)% and a particle size of (119.2 +/- 10.7) nm, which was consistent with the trial expectations and will lay a solid foundation for the hepatic targeting delivery system in future.

Preparation of herpetin lyophilized liposome and evaluation on its safety and pharmacodynamics / 中国中药杂志

In this study, the herpetin (HPT) lyophilized liposome was prepared, and its saftey and pharmacodynamics were evaluated. HPT lyophilized liposome was prepared by thin-film ultrasonication method. The lyoprotectant was optimized using particle size and encapsulation efficiency as indexes. Then, the influencing factors of HPT lyophilized liposome were investigated. In addition, preliminary safety and therapy efficiency of HPT lyophilized liposome to liver injury induced by CCl4 in the mice. The optimal lyoprotectant was 5% sucrose plus 5% lactose and the dispersed HPT lyophilized liposomes were spherical with the mean diameter of (107.0 ± 1.2) nm and the mean encapsulation efficiency of (99.7 ± 0.50)%. The lyophilized powder was sensitive to temperature, humidity and illumination. None of hemolysis, hemagglutination and vein irritation was observed after intravenous injection of HPT lyophilized liposomes into rabbits. HPT lyophilized liposome showed obviously therapy efficiency to liver injury induced by CCl4 in the mice. The improvements of ALT, AST and ALP were better than that in HPT free drug. The obtained HPT lyophilized liposome met the standard of CP with fine particle size and encapsulation efficiency after dispersion. The HPT lyophilized liposome showed good safety and enhanced the treatment efficacy of HPT. The HPT lyophilized liposome should be stored in low temperature, sealed condition far away from light.

Preparation and in vitro drug release properties of salidroside-chitosan nanoparticles / 中草药

Objective: To prepare salidroside-chitosan nanoparticles (SA-CS-NPs) and to evaluate the properties of in vitro drug release. Methods: SA-CS-NPs were firstly prepared by solvent diffusion-ionic crosslinking method. The particle size and polydispersity of SA-CS-NPs were determined and the morphology of nanoparticles was evaluated. The properties of encapsulation efficiency (EE), load efficiency (LE), and in vitro release of SA-CS-NPs were also evaluated using UPLC method. Results: The nanoparticles were successfully prepared with the spherical shape or para-spherical shape. The mean particle size was (247.5 ± 23.8) nm with the polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.265 ± 0.071, and the Zeta potential was (23.4 ± 2.7) mV (n = 3). The EE was (70.15 ± 1.60)% and the LE was (14.03 ± 0.32)% (n = 3). The cumulative release rate of SA-CS-NPs within 24 h was over 85%. Conclusion: SA-CS-NPs prepared by solvent diffusion-ionic crosslinking method show appropriate particle size and EE, and could exhibit sustained release properties in vitro.

Effects of Chinese drugs for activating blood and Chinese drugs for nourishing qi and activating blood on the metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma in different stages / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To reveal the different molecular mechanisms between Chinese drugs for activating blood (CDAB) and Chinese drugs for nourishing qi and activating blood (CDNQAB) in the metastasis process of Lewis lung carcinoma, thus providing experimental reliance for Chinese drugs to reverse immune escape.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The inhibition rate of lung metastasis was observed in each group. The dynamic percentage and ratio changes of Th17 and Treg cells in spleen CD4+ T lymphocytes were detected using flow cytometry. The dynamic levels of IL-17, IL-23, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in the culture supernatant of CD4+ T lymphocytes were detected by ELISA. The dynamic mRNA expressions of Foxp3 and RORgammat in CD4+ T lymphocytes were detected by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CDNQAB (sapanwood +astragalus) showed better lung metastasis inhibiting rate than CDAB (sapanwood alone) (P<0.05), similar to the effects of cyclophosphamide (P>0.05). Except the CDNQAB group, spleen Th17 and Treg cells showed a rising tendency in mice of each tumor-bearing group. The effectors of Th17 and Treg cells (IL-17, IL-23, and IFN-gamma) and key transcription molecules of Th17 and Treg cells (RORgammat and Foxp3) showed dynamic changes corresponding to Th17 and Treg cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The immune inflammatory reactions of CDNQAB (sapanwood +astragalus) were superior to those of CDAB (sapanwood alone) and of cyclophosphamide during the process of inhibiting tumor immunotolerance and of the formation of tumor. All drugs showed certain inhibition on the mechanisms for neoplasm metastasis. But CD-NQAB was superior to CDAB and chemotherapeutics.</p>

Antiviral activity of 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified ovalbumin against herpes simplex virus 2 in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antiviral activity of 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified ovalbumin (HP-OVA) against herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By chemical modification, ovalbumin (OVA) was treated with 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride (HP) to prepare HP-OVA. The anti-HSV-2 activity against HSV-2 333 virus in vitro and the cytotoxicity of HP-OVA in African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells) were detected by MTT colorimetric assay. The inhibitory effects of HP-OVA on 17 strains of vaginal lactobacilli were observed by microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Anhydride-modified ovalbumin significantly inhibited the infection by HSV-2 with an IC(50) of 23.56±8.33 µg/ml. HP-OVA showed only low cytotoxicity to the host cells with a CC(50) over 1 mg/ml. HP-OVA did not produce significant inhibitory effect on the 17 strains of vaginal lactobacilli (MIC>1 mg/ml).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anhydride-modified protein HP-OVA exhibits potent anti-HSV-2 activity in vitro and can be a good microbicide candidate for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.</p>

Apoptotic protease activating factor 1 inducing apoptosis and related anti-tumor therapy -- review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf1) is an essential factor in intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis activation. Apaf1 leads to the formation of apoptosome, which then proteolytically activates caspase-9. The activated caspase-9 opens the downstream signal of caspases to execute programmed cell death. Apaf-1 is important for tumor suppression and drug resistance because it plays a central role in DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Inactivation of the Apaf-1 gene is implicated in disease progression and chemoresistance of some malignancies. Further research on the Apaf-1 will contribute to develop a new type of approach to anti-cancer drugs, which might have good prospect in clinical practice. In this paper, the structure and function of Apaf-1, the mechanism involved in Apaf-1 signaling pathway, and application of Apaf-1 in tumor therapy were reviewed.

Synergism between Ang-2 and VEGF and its application of anti-angiogenesis in tumor therapy - review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Tumor angiogenesis is a complicated process in which VEGF and the members of Ang family have been proposed to play an important role. Ang family is the only vascular growth factor family including activators and inhibitors. They can all bind with specific tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2 and participate in angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is secreted by tumor cells and coordinates with Ang to promote angiogenesis. Further research on the structure and functional mechanism of VEGF and Ang will contribute to develop a new type of antiangiogenesis medicine, which might have good perspect in clinical practice. In this paper, the structure and action mechanism of Ang family and its receptor Tie-2, the application of Ang family and Tie in tumor therapy, and the synergic mechanism between Ang and VEGF were summarized.

Clinical Pathological Features of Mesenteric and Omental Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in 5 Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the clinical pathological features of mesenteric and omental inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) in children.Method Clinical features,laboratory result,pathological evidence for diagnosis and treatment of 5 cases with mesenteric and omental IMT were analyzed and evaluated.Results Intra-abdominal mass was most frequently found in childhood mesenteric and omental IMT.Gastrointestinal obstruction was showed in 2 cases.Anemia,leucocytosis,thrombocytosis,polyclonal-hyperglobulinemia appeared in 5 cases.The histological pattern showed:4 cases were myxoid pattern IMT,1 case was compact spindle cells pattern IMT.Immunohistochemistry showed:the spindle cells were expressed vimentin,smooth muscle action(SMA) and desmin.Partial spindle cells were anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) and cytokeratin(CK) positive,while S-100 protein,CD34 were negative.Complete surgical excision was performed on 5 cases.Follow-up studies ranged from 5 months to 3 years,and no patient developed recurrence.Conclusions Childhood mesenteric and omental IMT is a rare interstitial tumor.The diagnosis should be based on pathological and immunohistochemistry examinations.Most cases are benign,and complete surgical excision can avoid local recurrence.

Investigation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Treatment of Sacrococcygeal Teratoma in Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of sacrococcygeal teratoma in children,and explore the diagnostic value of MRI and the critical suggestion for treatment.Methods The MRI features,clinical features,pathological data and operation complication of sacrococcygeal teratoma in 26 children were retrospectively analyzed. Phenotype teratoma in 9 cases grew from apex of coccyx to fundament.They presented spherical or ellipsoidal,distinct boundary and septatus in cystic MRI.All pathological data presented benign tumors.Mixed teratoma in 16 cases growed from fundament to cavitas pelvis.They presented dumbbell,distinct boundary,mixed signal of cystiform and solid density in MRI.There were 12 cases in benign tumors and 4 cases in malignant in pathology,the invisible teratoma in 1 case which lay between rectum and sacrum,extended to cavitas pelvis.Its boundary was not intact and segmented,and the pathological data presented malignant tumors.Results All of the 26 cases were completely excised only once and 21 of them received sacrococcygeal incision,5 cases had abdominosacral combined incision.Twenty-two cases were followed up (benign 20 cases,malignant 2 cases),and 2 cases of them died. 8 cases had complications,of the 8 cases,2 cases with necrosis of flap,1 case with chronic sinus tract and 2 cases with recidivism occurrd.Conclusions MRI may detect discovering the location and appearance of sacrococcygeal teratoma in children in diagnosis and in differential diagnosis of tumor nature.It is a very significant to reconstruct cavities pelvis and eradicase focal dead space in prevention and treatment of post-operation complication in childrens sacrococcygeal teratoma.